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Having committed itself to agreements signed by its predecessors,
the Netanyahu Government proceeded with the implementation of
the Oslo Accords soon after coming to power in 1996. Placing
special emphasis on the centrality of security, the Government has
insisted that terrorism is incompatible with the peace process, and
that the Palestinian commitment to the fight against terrorism must
be an integral component of the process.
The chosen instrument for achieving Palestinian compliance with
the peace accords is the principle of reciprocity. In signing the
Hebron accord in January 1997 the Government attained the
incorporation of reciprocity into the agreement. Besides insisting
on the revision of the PLO Covenant and the removal of
Palestinian Authority (PA) institutions from Jerusalem, the
Netanyahu Government secured the PA's reaffirmation of its
commitment to the following: strengthening security cooperation,
preventing incitement, combatting terrorist organizations and
dismantling their infrastructure, prosecuting and punishing
terrorists, handing over terrorist suspects and the confiscation of
illegal firearms.
As part of its commitment to the peace process, Israel proceeded to
implement its obligation under the Oslo accord and the Hebron
agreement. Israel completed its redeployment from Hebron,
released female terrorists, some of whom had been convicted of
murder, and transferred significant funds to the PA, despite the
authority's unpaid debts to Israel. The Government also eased the
closure on the territories, increasing the number of work permits
given to Palestinians from 22,000 to 56,000 and ultimately to
70,000.
On October 23, 1998, Israel signed the Wye River Memorandum
with the Palestinians in Washington. Building on the principle of
reciprocity incorporated in the Hebron accord, Israel succeeded in
achieving an agreement containing direct linkage between
Palestinian compliance and Israeli withdrawals. The Wye accord
contains a three-stage time line specifying the measures which the
PA must take before Israel carries out any further withdrawals.
In accordance with its Wye commitments, Israel proceeded to
release hundreds of Palestinian prisoners, permit the opening of
the Gaza international airport and the Karni industrial zone and
resume the work of the interim committees. In November 1998,
Israeli forces redeployed in northern Samaria, tripling the size of
territory under exclusive Palestinian control (Area A). But as soon
as Israel had redeployed, the PA began violating its commitments.
The PA refrained from combatting the terrorist infrastructure,
refused to confiscate illegal weapons and failed to reduce the size
of its bloated police force. It planned and organized riots against
Israeli forces and incited the Palestinian public to acts of violence.
Palestinian officials and the PA-controlled media continue to
preach virulent anti-Semitic and anti-Israel incitement and hostile
propaganda. The PA reinstituted its "revolving door" policy
whereby wanted terrorists and fugitives were briefly detained
with great fanfare only to be quietly released shortly thereafter. As
a result of the PA's blunt non-compliance with its Wye
commitments, Israel suspended further withdrawals until the
Palestinians meet their obligations.
Israel believes it is possible to reach a peace settlement with the
Palestinians. The first ground rule of such a process is an
unequivocal effort to remove terrorism and violence from the
Israel-Palestinian diplomatic equation. Violations of security
commitments by the PA cannot be overlooked: they must be
addressed and changed. Neither controversial steps nor
exasperations and frustrations can excuse a return to violence.
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